Macbeth vs. Holden Caulfield Essay

The longest journey, is the journey of self discovery. To discover ones self, a person must confront things they would rather not and be truthful to themselves. Both characters, Macbeth from William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Macbeth, and Holden from J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, embarked on a inward journey of self discovery.Through being emotionally unstable, having contradicting morals, and discovering who they truly are, it is evident that though two different outcomes, they both had a journey of self discovery. Unlike Holden, Macbeth was very emotionally stable at the beginning. He was respected, a devoted husband and a loyal subject to his king. Despite the fact he was so stable at the beginning, Macbeth quickly lost control of his emotions when the three witches confronted him with the three prophecies, which ultimately let the emotions of greed and guilt come over him from the immoral actions he committed In comparison, Holden’s emotional stability was very flaky during the beginning of the novel, but gradually improved during his journey. Holden was very depressed because of the loneliness and isolation he felt, which was ultimately is own fault. From his journey, he slowly started to gain control of his emotions and accepted the truth of his mental illness. He transformed himself completely, and ultimately gained control of himself by finally reaching out for professional help. Holden went from being very angry and upset to accepting his faults and changing his life around. Holden and Macbeth both had morals, but where Holden’s stayed genuine and true, Macbeth’s fell apart. At the beginning, Macbeth was repulsed by the thought of killing the King, but by the end, he was murdering everyone his way. It was LM who first triggered Macbeth’s moral down fall, but Macbeth was the one to completely diregard them. Macbeth had control of his morals but ultimately c hose to go against them to get what he wanted, power. His disregard is clear when he made the decision to kill Banquo because he didn’t want to lose his power to Banquo’s descendants and he was starting to become suspicious. Unlike MB Holden’s morals were challenged multiple times but he over came the  obstacles. Yet the driving force behind much of his decision making is a sense of morals that is at times twisted but is always present. One of Holden’s main concerns is the fact that the world around him appears to be losing its morality and the people are all phony, all incapable of following the moral code that Holden insists on placing on those around him. He is worried about even the smallest things like the foul language scrawled on the walls at the museum. The title of the book reflects his desire to be the catcher in the rye, to prevent children from running over the edge of the field and hurting themselves. So despite his inability to recognize morality in others, like Mr. Antolini, somewhere inside Holden there is a deep sense of morals and a strong desire not just to follow them but to have others follow them as well. Macbeth and Holden both embarked on a journey of self discovery, where they discovered who they truly were. Macbeth discovered the horror of the crimes he comitted and that the power he was once thought was everything, actually meant nothing.Macbeth started off with an abundance of friends, however, he ended with a whole bunch of enemies. Though he only came to realize it at the end of the play, his actions destroyed his respect and honour and led to his death bed. Before he was killed, Macbeth had reflected on his life, and he started to understand the full extent of what he did and the consequences his actions were going to have.Unlike Macbeth, Holden’s journey lead to a positive ending where he accepted himself and started on the road to recovery. Throughout the entire novel, it was evident that Holden was very depressed. He had no hope for his future, as he expressed to his history teaher Mr. Spencer, and he believed he was headed no where in life. Holden was kicked out of numerous schools and it was not until after his New York adventure that he went on an unitentional road of self-discovery. Holden was clearly in pain over his brothers death, pain that he was yet to deal with. As the book progressed, Holden gradually matured into a strong and indepent individual. He developed stronger relationships with Phoebe, his brother DB and a few others like Jane, and he finally allowed himself to accept his faults and accept the reality that no one is perfect. His breakdown turned  into a major breakthrough, which changed his life in a positive way. Macbeth and Holden both discovered who they truly were, one greedy and power seeking, and the other a strong and indepent person who had to deal with a great loss. Both The Tradgey of Macbeth and The Catcher in the Rye tell a story of great self discovery. Macbeth from good to evil, and Holden bad to good. Through their emoitional stability, contradicting their moral values, and discovering who they truly are, shows the way Holden and Macbeth changed through both the novels.

Advantages for sociologists in using structured interviews Essay

The structured interview, also known as the formal or questionnaire interview, involves a face-to-face or alternatively an over-the-phone delivery of a questionnaire. Structured interviews use a pre-set list of questions designed by the researcher and asked to all interviewees in the same way, this is know as an interview schedule. Interviewees then choose from a list of set answers, allowing structured interviews to be relatively quick. Structured interviews have various advantages, therefore, some sociologists, mainly Positivist sociologists, choose to use structured interviews when conducting research. Positivists go by the assumption that there is a measurable objective social reality. They take a scientific approach using methods such as structured interviews to obtain quantitative data. Positivists are mainly interested in research methods that achieve their main goals of reliability, generalisability and representativeness, for this reason, they favour structured interviews as they achieve these goals. This is because structured interviews have close-ended questions and answers that are standardised, counted and quantified; they are reliable because they can be therefore replicated. Positivist sociologists also prefer to use structured interviews when conducting research because the pre-coded responses mean that produce quantitative data, can allow cause-and-effect relationships can be established. Thus, structured interviews are preferred by positivists. Also, structured interviews are representative and can therefore be generalised, because of the fact that they are often large-scale. There are also practical advantages to using structured interviews. For an example, training interviewers is relatively easy and inexpensive as no specialist skills have to be taught as the questions tend to be very straightforward as they often close-ended, and do not require too much thought. Due to the fact that skills taught are minimal, the process of training interviewers will not cost too much. This brings a huge practical advantage for sociologists of structured interviews being low cost. Another practical advantage is that structured interviews are relatively cheap, quick and easy to administer. This enables sociologists to use a  larger sample in the interview process, allowing more representative results to be produced. Therefore, the researcher can make generalisations. No only this, but structured interviews have a higher response rate, than mailed questionnaires for example, further improving and reinforcing the representative advantage of structured interviews. Furthermore, face to face interviews ensure a much higher response rate than mailed questionnaires for example, due to the fact that the researcher’s presence means that the research purpose and importance can be explained to potential interviewees, allowing them to understand how valuable it is that their response is correct and true, thus increasing validity- an important advantage for sociologists. Finally interviewer effect occurs when the interviewer’s presence affects the interviewee’s responses, in turn reducing validity. However, the advantage with structured interviews is that the interviewer effect with be much less than with unstructured, open-ended unstructured interviews. This is due to the fact that in structured interviews contact is restricted to asking and responding fixed list of questions and close-ended answers. All points considered there are a number of advantages for sociologists in using structured interviews in their research. However, in saying this, it can also be argued that there are a also number of disadvantages. For example, it can be said that there is a lack of validity as the researcher decides the questions in advance, a lack of reliability as interviewer effect may influence answers, a cost issue due to training and ignorance towards sensitive issues as deadpan manner may be quite off-putting and there is a lack of rapport. In my opinion, it all depends on whether you are a positivist or an interpretivist. Yes, there are some disadvantages, but I believe that these disadvantages are extremely outweighed by number of advantages that exist for sociologists in using structured interviews in their research.

Chasing Halley s Comet The Comet - 854 Words

Chasing Halley’s Comet Halley’s Comet crosses the Earth’s skies every 75 years. Samuel Clemens just so happened to be born following Halley’s comet, and in 1909, he predicted that he would go with Halley’s comet the next year. Clemens stated, â€Å"I came in with Halley’s Comet in 1835. Halley’s comet will be coming again next year, and I expect to go out with it† (Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) - Historic Missourians, n.d.). On April 21, 1910, one of the world’s most influential writers died. Just as he predicted, he passed the night after the comet lit up the sky at the age of 75. Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens died from a severe heart attack. He changed his name to Mark Twain because he loved to be in the water and on sailboats. On the Mississippi River, Clemens meant two fathoms deep. He never thought that his age made a difference in his life. He always mentioned, â€Å"Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don t mind, it doesn t matter† (Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) - Historic Missourians, n.d.). He was always optimistic about death and old age. During his life, Clemens was a wise and curious man. He wrote books and made inventions. Three of his inventions were patented: an automatically self-adjusting vest strap, a history game meant for improving memory, and a self-pasting scrapbook which was the only one ever to make him any money. He made some of the most famous books such as Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The Adventure of Tom

Effects Of Television Violence On Children Essay - 1722 Words

Effect of Television Violence Program on Children Now more and more violence television shows appear on the screen. A lot of television shows will remind that is available for certain range of audience. Of course, elementary school student, mostly watch cartoon. However, the television production people will add violence into the show. This study aimed to demonstrate the gender-specific impact of violence-oriented television cartoons for children, and to identify the behaviors demonstrating this influence. What would affect on children were the violence action produce on the television screen every day. For example, there are many common programs, like movie, drama, news, and movie video, they broadcast killing, thinking bad ideas, seeing the real chaos world, and saying the curse words. Children would be imitating violence by watching television programs, it is called â€Å"SpongeBob effect†. University of Virginia psychologists found that fast-paced, fantastical television shows may impart a negative effect immediately after watching the show on the learning and behavior of young children. (University of Virginia institutional review board) It s fast-paced and it s fantastical. So the child is needing to process all this new stuff really, really fast, and it s difficult to process since it doesn t really happen in real life.( Lillard s study) Children watch a great deal of television, and it has been associated with long-term attention problems. However, there isShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Television Violence on Children1315 Words   |  6 Pages Shortly after a Boston television station showed a movie depicting teenagers dousing a derelict with gasoline and setting him afire, six youths attacked a woman and set her on fire in an identical manner. Several months later, NBC televised Born Innocent, a made-for-television- movie, which showed the sexual violation of a young girl with a broom handle. Three days after this program aired, a group of girls committed a similar attack on another 9-year-old girl (â€Å"Wild† A20). These are justRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children1735 Words   |  7 Pageswatches approximately 23 hours of television weekly. Children spend more time watching TV than doing any other leisure activity. By the time they finish high school, most have spent more time in front of the TV than in the classroom (Strasburger, 1995). On average, a child will see 18,000 murders, robberies, bombings, assaults, and beatings in their years of watching television (Liebowitz, 1997). Not to mention all the food commercials. In today s society, the television is used for more than just entertainmentRead MoreTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children867 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children The children of today are surrounded by technology and entertainment that is full of violence. It is estimated that the average child watches from three to five hours of television a day! (Neilson 1993). Listening to music is also a time consuming pastime among children. With all of that exposure, one might pose the question, How can seeing so much violence on television and video games and hearing about violence in in music affect a childs behaviorRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children915 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Today violence is the gold of television. Violence has become a high demand by the viewers. The more violence equals more views which equals more demand. According to Hamilton (2002), â€Å"Children are not the target of advertisers on most violent programs. But their exposure to violent images can lead to social damages not factored into decisions about when to air programs and where to draw the line on content† (p. 18). The controversial debate that television violence influence children is nothingRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children1552 Words   |  7 Pagesleisure 2.8 hours of television a day. There is the constant outcry from parents and teachers that children are growing to be television-obsessed zombies, or that the exposure to violence from their favorite shows are going to cause aggressive actions. But if that is true, then how is it that we as adults are able to stop ourselves from murdering everyone we see, especially if we have so many television programs with violence as a feature? The effect that television violence has on us does not comeRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesThis guest teaches your children to resolve conflicts through violence. The guest baby sits your kids and teaches them principles you don’t agree with. Does watching violence in TV is harmful for your children? Is it Ok to let the 2 year olds watch TV unsupervised? No says the American replacing baby sitters? Hypothesis: Extensive viewing of television violence causes children to behave in aggressive or harmful ways to others. Children model behavior they see in the media, she wrote in 1993. IfRead MoreEffects of Television Violence and Children3538 Words   |  15 PagesEffects of Television violence and Children Outline: I.THESIS STAEMENT: Although the television serves as a form of entertainment, when you abuse its use, and make it a habit to watch, it gives negative effects on the behavior of children especially in their brain’s development. II. PORPUSE OF THE RESEARCH III. INTRODUCTION IV. HIPOTHESIS amp; METHOD A. CHILDREN QUESTIONNAIRE 1. HOW IT CAN AFFECT VIEWER’S BEHAVIOUR 2. CHILDREN RESPONSES B. EFFECTS amp; RESULTS 1. NEGATIVE EFFECTS a. Behavior ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children978 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision has become one of the most, if not the most, used form of entertainment for all ages. Every TV show has some kind of age limit whether it’s rated G or R, it’s not always easy for parents to moderate what their children are watching. Young children are very moldable, not only by the people around them, but what is on TV. I have conducted an experiment to see how much violence and aggression are in everyday television shows that children are likely to watch. I have watched three differentRead MoreThe Effects of Television Violence on Children Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages Thesis Statement: Unsupervised children who watch violence on television exhibit violence in their everyday lives and develop into aggressive adults. â€Å"Research shows that television violence increases levels of aggression, fear, and desensitization among some who consume it† (Hamilton). This quotation by James Hamilton briefly summarizes the potentially negative effects of television on young minds. A child’s favorite television show can keep a child occupied while the mother preparesRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Television Violence on Children712 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effects of Television Violence on Children According to the Article ?Violence on Television? published by the American Psychological Association at the website http://www.apa.org/pubinfo/violence.html, ?violent programs on television lead to aggressive behavior by children and teenagers who watch those programs.? Thats the word from a 1982 report by the National Institute of Mental Health, a report that confirmed and extended an earlier study done by the Surgeon General. As a result of

Essay on Literary Insperation of the Holocaust - 1664 Words

Literary Insperation of the Holocaust Why do the survivors of such a tragic event such as the Holocaust want to remember those horrifying times by writing about memories that most people would only want to forget? I will show, Weisel has talked about, and as others have written, that the victims of the holocaust wrote about their experiences not only to preserve the history of the event, but so that those who were not involved and those who did survive can understand what really happened. They wanted the people of the world to realize how viciously they were treated. On top of wanting us to understand, they also want to understand why this happened. Why did the Lord let this happen? Why did the people of the world stand by and†¦show more content†¦Worse, how can one identify with the executioner? How could a victim say I in the place of his killer? Furthermore, how can one convince himself without feeling guilty that he may use such events for literary purposes? Weisel says that any survivor who has told the story of their experiences in the Holocaust cannot tell the whole story, or people will think that they are crazy. Most novelists of this category, or most writers, seem to have followed the same pattern. Viewing literature as a way to correct their friends, to their families, to their own childhood and to their people (Weisel 8). Some of the victims of the Holocaust realized how important it was to keep a record of the events of the time. Chaim Kaplan wrote in his diary on January 16, 1942, The whole nation is sinking in a sea of horror and cruelty. I do not know whether anyone else is recording these daily events. The conditions of life which surround us are not conducive to such literary labors. Anyone who keeps such a record endangers his life. But it doesnt alarm me. I sense within me the magnitude of this hour and my responsibility to it (Weisel 9). Another entry in Kaplans journal on the date of July 31, 1942, he said, My powers are insufficient to record all that is worthy of being recorded. Most of all I am worried that I may be consuming my strength for naught. Should I too be taken, all my effort will be wasted. My utmost concern is for hiding

Constructive Discharge free essay sample

Title VII was modified in 2000 to include that one cannot discriminate one who associates with said such protected class member, ex. interracial marriage (Dempsey Petshce, 2006). Given the current situation Title VII applies to this case. The employee has proved that they are indeed a member of a protected class, in this case religion. As a company we have a duty to respect and accommodate the employee who notifies us of a religious accommodation. We must accommodate the employee within reason as to no discriminate or hinder their religious practices. Constructive Discharge Within Title VII there is an element called ‘constructive discharge’. Constructive discharge is a recourse for employees to use under Title VII. It allows the employee to â€Å"quit† his or her job due to intolerable conditions, which any reasonable person would be forced to â€Å"quit† the employment position. In other words the employee uses constructive discharge to convince the court that his or her act of quitting is one in the same as the employer discharging the employee (Dempsey Petsche, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Constructive Discharge or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this case the employee is attempting to convince the court that he was forced to quit due to an intolerable condition. He states he was not able to practice his religion with the new work schedule policy. The employee under Title VII has a legal precedence to which the employer is require to make a reasonable accommodation to allow the employee to practice his religious belief (Dempsey Petsche, 2006). Recommended Response to Employee’s Allegations The ABC Toy Company has many options in responding to this employee’s allegation against us. Here are four recommendations that may prevent any further litigation. When an allegation of discrimination occurs the employee must pass the McDonnell Douglas test, which states, â€Å"a plaintiff must first demonstrate a prima facie case of discrimination. † Prima facie has four parts 1) the employee is a part of protected class, religion in this case. 2) The employee is qualified for the position, which he is. 3) The employee must show he/she was subject to adverse employment action, which he was not. 4) The employer treated similarly situated employees not in the protected class more favorably, which ABC Toy Company did not. All employees where subject to the same new work schedule regardless of their protected class. Given the McDonnell Douglas test the employee is not able to demonstrate prima facie. The employee did not inform the ABC Toy Company of his religious needs. According to Chrysler Corp. v. Mann (1977) â€Å"an employee who is disinterested in informing his employer of his religious needs may forego the right to have his beliefs accommodated by his employer†. The employee made his religious needs known to ABC Toy Company after he quit. The ABC Company cannot be held liable when the employee informed the company after his discharge. A similar ruling was made in the case between Cary v. Carmichael (1995), which concluded â€Å"employer not liable for disciplining employee†¦ when employee failed – until after his discharge – to explain that tardiness was because he attended a prayer service†. Even though tardiness was used in the Cary v. Carmichael case the context of the ruling stand, that the employer is not held liable for a Title VII violation if the employer was not informed of the religious accommodation. In the case between Perry v.Harris Chemin, Inc. (1997) the court ruled, â€Å"an employee who quits without giving his employer a reasonable chance to work out a problem has not been constructively discharged. † If the employee had informed ABC Toy Company about his religious needs there would have been a reasonable accommodation. This accommodation would have come from a schedule change with another employee or a lateral transfer to accommodate the employee’s religious needs. Future Recommendations It is recommended that The ABC Toy Company review Title VII of the Civil Rights Act before making policy changes that may affect a protected class. When policy changes are made supervisors and managers should be educated on meeting the needs of protected class members. It is also recommended that before policies are implemented that employees are informed of their rights and allow a period of time where employees have an opportunity to present any conflicts in regards to their protected class (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin Cardy, 2007). It is also recommended that in order to protect the company from future violations of Title VII it is to develop a diversity-training program and hold routine diversity audits. Constructive Discharge free essay sample This memo should clear up any questions you have remaining about the situation of the constructive discharge/ violation of Title VII lawsuit filed by our former employee, and will also give some suggestions for how we can avoid this problem in the future. First, it should be made clear that constructive discharge is that act of â€Å"forcing an employee out of a job with an ultimatum to either resign or face one of several unpleasant consequences†, which could be, among other things, unwanted transfer, loss of benefits, uncomfortable or intolerable working conditions (Paul Seeberger, 2002, p. ). This is obviously clearly related to the lawsuit that has been filed against our company, as our former employee is attempting to assert that this company took action and attempted to force her out of her job by making a schedule that would for her to work on her holy day. Furthermore, this lawsuit also attests that by making this schedule that required her to work on her holy day, our company is in violation of Title VII, of which Section 703(a) states, â€Å"It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer (1) to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or employment because of such individuals race, color, religion, sex, or national origin† (FindLaw, n. We will write a custom essay sample on Constructive Discharge or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page d. , Sec 703. ) In my opinion, our company cannot be found guilty of constructive discharge, but unfortunately we could be found guilty of religious discrimination under Title VII.nce againintolerable for this employee. However, even though we had no intent to make the working conditions intolerable, recent court rulings have determined that employer intent actually has a less significant role in determining constructive discharge. The method primarily relied upon is the ‘reasonable person’ test, which means that if any reasonable person would have found those working conditions intolerable, then constructive discharge has occurred. Considering that we have had no other complaints or lawsuits resulting from the production schedule change, based on this criterion, we would once again not be found guilty of constructive discharge. However, I have found us in violation of Title VII in one primary way. In the case Alexander Shapolia vs. Los Alamos National Laboratory and John Whetten, the United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit stated in the court decision, â€Å"Under Title VII, an employer is required to reasonably accommodate an employee’s religious practices or beliefs where accommodation does not cause undue hardship to the company’s business interests† (Ebel, 1993, Sec. 14). Our company changed the employees’ schedules based on production demands. We have no evidence that shows if we were to accommodate this employer by allowing her to work on non-holy days that we would be caused unreasonable hardship. For this reason and this reason only, we are in violation of Title VII based on religious discrimination. To handle this situation, I feel that we should offer this former employee her job back, should she so desire it, with a modified work schedule that allows her to have holy days off of work. Furthermore, even though this employee has filed a lawsuit against us, I feel that we can settle this out of court and incur a much smaller company liability than if this were to fully go through court proceedings. In the future, our company should make it a priority to be more careful to avoid any potential lawsuits. In order to do so, I have some suggestions for steps we should take. First, I suggest we consult with our HR department before making any more major changes to company operations that could change employee benefits, privileges, or schedules.