The Consumption Of Alcohol

The Consumption Of Alcohol Presentation General Health is the study of securing and improving the strength of networks through training, advancement of solid ways of life, and examination for ailment and injury anticipation. So as to create programs that secure the soundness of your family and network, general wellbeing experts examine the impact on strength of hereditary qualities, individual decision and the earth. It is worried about dangers to wellbeing dependent on populace wellbeing investigation. The components of wellbeing can envelop a condition of complete physical, mental and social prosperity and not only the nonattendance of malady or illness, as characterized by the United Nations World Health Organization. Generally speaking, general wellbeing is worried about securing the soundness of whole populaces. These populaces can be as little as a nearby neighborhood, or as large as a whole nation. The interdisciplinary methodologies of the study of disease transmission, biostatistics and wellbeing administrations, joins through general wellbeing. Ecological wellbeing, network wellbeing, conduct wellbeing, and word related wellbeing are other significant subfields. The utilization of liquor can have advantageous or destructive impacts relying upon the sum devoured, age and different qualities of the individual expending the liquor, and indicates of the circumstance clarified by Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2005). Liquor implies nonpartisan spirits refined at or over one hundred ninety degrees proof, regardless of whether such item is along these lines diminished, for nonindustrial use. The term liquor, except if determined something else, alludes to ethanol or ethyl liquor. It is a slight, clear fluid with cruel consuming taste and high unpredictability. Mixed refreshment implies any fluid appropriate for drinking by people, which contains one-portion of one percent or a greater amount of liquor by volume. Liquor drinking is a vital piece of family, social and word related life for some individuals in the UK. While low to direct utilization isn't related with abundance hazard, and may even be gainful, unreasonable utilization, especially i n youngsters, is a developing reason for worry to strategy creators, wellbeing and social consideration experts, and people in general, it was evaluated by Smith and Foxcroft (2009). Why it is a Public Health Issue? Liquor abuse influences physical, enthusiastic, yet in addition social part of an individual and an individual methods people in general. As indicated by Faculty of Public Health (2008), for a considerable length of time and numerous individuals use it reasonably in spite of the fact that liquor has been part the way of life; its abuse has become a genuine and compounding general medical issue in the UK. The abuse of liquor whether as constantly substantial drinking, hitting the bottle hard or even moderate drinking in improper conditions not just represents a danger to the wellbeing and prosperity of the consumer, yet additionally to family, companions, networks and more extensive society through such issues as wrongdoing, hostile to social conduct and loss of profitability. It is additionally straightforwardly connected to a scope of medical problems, for example, hypertension, mental sick wellbeing, inadvertent injury, brutality, liver illness and explicitly transmitted contaminat ion. Idea of Public Health The two most regular proportions of ailment in populaces are pervasiveness and rate. At some point the two terms are utilized in the portrayal of a malady or ailment episode. Commonness, which has just been referenced, is the individual from individuals who have an ailment at a given time; that is the number as of now experiencing the malady or confusion. Occurrence, on the hand, is the quantity of new instances of a malady, for example, the other hand, is the quantity of new instances of an illness, for example, flu, being higher than expected for the year. This demonstrates the quantity of new cases is higher than what is ordinarily expected, while a report showing expanded pervasiveness would mean the quantity of existing cases is higher asses by Evans. The study of disease transmission is the science that takes a gander at the connections between ailments happening in populaces and gatherings, ordinarily trying to diminish dangers and, pack horribleness into the most recent years if the populaces life length. Life expectancy is the constraint of common life with the end goal that through all backings and endeavors one has lived insofar as is conceivable. Future methods something else, in that this term applies to the normal length of life one may live dependent on sexual orientation, race, where one lives, etc. Liquor Consumption and Trends There were a few studies talks about the patterns of liquor utilization. A few says it diminishes and others increments, however as indicated by The NHS Information Center (2010), drinking conduct among grown-ups and youngsters in England, in 2008: 71% of men and 56% of ladies (matured 16 and over) revealed drinking a mixed beverage on at any rate one day in the week preceding meeting. 11% of men and 6% of ladies announced drinking on consistently in the earlier week. 38% of men drank more than 4 units on in any event one day in the week preceding meeting and 29% of ladies drank multiple units on at any rate one day in the week before meet. 22% of men announced drinking more than 8 units and 15% of ladies revealed drinking more than 6 units on at any rate one day in the week preceding meeting. The normal week after week liquor utilization was 16.8 units for men and 8.6 units for ladies. 28% of men revealed drinking in excess of 21 units in a normal week. For ladies, 19% announced drinking in excess of 14 units in a normal week. 18% of school students matured 11 to 15 announced savoring liquor the week preceding meeting; this figure is lower than 2001, when 26% of understudies revealed savoring the most recent week. 48% of understudies said they had never had a legitimate mixed beverage, contrasted with 39% in 2003. Understudies who savored the most recent week devoured a normal of 14.6 units In 2006 to 2008, youngsters in London were less inclined to have smashed liquor in the most recent week (39%) than youngsters living in some other Government Office Region (51% to 63%) Information and mentalities to liquor In 2009, 90% of Great Britain (GB) respondents detailed that they had known about estimating liquor in units. There has been an expansion from 54% in 1997 to 75% in 2009 in the extent of individuals in GB who had known about every day drinking limits. All through the period, contrasts among people have been slight. Understudies in England matured 11 to 15 are getting less open minded of drinking and tipsiness among their friends. For instance, in 2008, 36% concurred that it was OK for somebody of their age to drink liquor once per week, contrasted and 46% in 2003. Over a similar period, the extent who thought it was OK for somebody of their age to get alcoholic once seven days additionally fell, from 20% to 12%. Liquor Misuse and other drinking designs The utilization of liquor for a reason not reliable with lawful or clinical rules called liquor abuse. There are various examples in drinking liquor; one is destructive drinking, liquor utilize that makes harm physical as well as psychological wellness. Destructive use normally, yet not perpetually, has unfriendly social results. Dangerous drinking is an example of liquor utilize that builds the danger of destructive ramifications for the person. As opposed to destructive use, perilous drinking alludes to examples of utilization that are of general wellbeing noteworthiness in spite of the nonattendance of any current issue in the individual client. An example of drinking that surpasses some standard of moderate drinking said to be a substantial consumer. In the UK, substantial drinking is characterized as devouring at least eight units for men and at least six units for ladies on at any rate one day in the week. Ultimately, moderate drinking, an estimated term for an example of drink ing that is by suggestion appeared differently in relation to substantial drinking. It indicates drinking that is moderate in sum and doesn't cause issues. Drinking among Young People Youngsters are less well prepared than grown-ups to adapt with the impacts of liquor, genuinely and inwardly. A similar measure of liquor will have an a lot more noteworthy impact on the body of a kid or youngster than on a grown-up, in light of the fact that their bodies are as yet developing and creating. Additionally, a youngster doesnt have the experience expected to manage the impacts of liquor on judgment and observation. In any case, as indicated by NHS organization overview (2009) it shows that in an ongoing study, 14% of 15 and multi year olds in the UK had been flushed multiple times or more during the most recent a year and half have been smashed in any event twice. What's more, 58% of multi year olds who had flushed liquor as of late had endured negative outcomes, for example, getting into a contention, been sick, missing school, been harmed or in a tough situation with the police. Among those matured 15 and under, 18% had tanked liquor in the earlier week Diment et al (2 009). Despite the fact that the extent of schoolchildren who have never had a mixed beverage has ascended (from 39% in 2003 to 48% in 2008), the individuals who do drink are expending more. Somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2008, mean liquor utilization among youngsters matured 11 to 15 (explicitly, the individuals who had smashed liquor in the earlier week) expanded from 12.7 units (102 g) to 14.6 units (117 g) Diment et al (2009). Local investigation shows that utilization is most noteworthy among those living in the North East (17.7 units) and the North West (16.3 units). It is most minimal in London (11.3 units) The NHS Information Center (2010). What's more, about 10,000 kids and youngsters (younger than 18) are admitted to emergency clinic every year because of their drinking Department for Children, Schools and Families (2009). It is a significant issue realizing the new age are being presented to this general medical problem. By their honest information, they will be casualties that in the more drawn out term, drinking can negatively affect a youthful people school work, public activity and companionships, just as their general wellbeing. Theyll likewise be in a tough situation in the event that they overstep the laws about purchasing and drinking liquor. Impacts on Health and Social Services Liquor is related with a wide scope of criminal offenses likewise

Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay You settle on choice regular; regardless of whether it is picking what you make for breakfast or picking what you need to be the point at which you grow up. It is normal in people to settle on choices and follow up on what they accept is to be valid. This applies to people, yet writers use them in their books or plays to make various sorts of characters. In probably the best work by William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, there are characters that settle on a wide range of sorts of choices that decide their job in the book. In the play, the hero Hamlet, after his father’s passing, is irate about his mother’s hurried union with Claudius. He sees an apparition of his dad one night and reveals to him that Claudius had killed him. Hamlet intends to execute Claudius however he experiences difficulty settling on choices and all through the play, his poor dynamic aptitudes carry ruin to himself and numerous others. Each shocking saint has an awful defect and Hamlet’s appalling blemish is his failure to decide. Hamlet’s failure to slaughter Claudius in the wake of got notification from the phantom, that he had executed Hamlet Senior, adds to his obstinate uncertainty, which achieves his own defeat. His hesitation prompts numerous character’s passings, for example, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, Laertes, Polonius and his own mom. He had numerous odds of murdering Claudius however he continually over thinks the circumstance in this manner deferring his significant undertaking of executing Claudius: To take him in the cleansing of his spirit When he is fit and prepared for his entry? No. Up, blade, and know thou a progressively shocking hent. At the point when he is tanked sleeping, or in his fury, Or in th depraved joy of his bed, At game a-swearing, or about some demonstration That has no relish of salvation in ’tâ€. At that point trip him, that his heels may kick at paradise (III. III. 85) This is a case of Hamlet being ambivalent on whether to execute Claudius in the Church after the Mouse Trap play. He chooses not to execute him there in light of the fact that he is supplicating and accordingly will be excused for his transgression. This outcomes in postponing of his principle task and furthermore made more space for mistake, for example, executing Polonius and furthermore getting sent to England, which prompts Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s passings. In the event that Hamlet would have chosen to murder him, at that point, he would not have made the wreckage he winds up making toward the end. Hamlet’s failure to talk and examine to Ophelia about what's going on, after she begins dismissing his messages, prompts losing his affection and at last winds up to her death. Despite the fact that they were enamored, when Ophelia starts dismissing Hamlet’s messages on the grounds that Polonius advised her to, Hamlet reveals to Ophelia that she was good for nothing to him. This leads her to accepting that Hamlet doesn't adore her any longer. As an end, she goes insane and crazy; for instance: By Gis and by Saint Charity, Alack, and fie, for disgrace! Youngsters will do ’t, on the off chance that they come to ’t. By Cock, they are to be faulted. Quoth she, â€Å"Before you tumbled me, You guaranteed me to marry. So would I ha done, by there sun, A thou hadst not go to my bed. (IV. V. 40) This is where she has gotten crazy. She sings about how a man guaranteed her to wed her before they went into bed together yet he left her. On Hamlet’s dismissal, Hamlet has slaughtered her dad, Polonius, so she has totally lost control of herself. She sings a very distress tune before numerous individuals and furthermore gives out phony blossoms to individuals. After this scene, she winds up ending it all at the lake. On the off chance that Hamlet had chatted with Ophelia about what was happening and why she was disregarding her messages, she would have not gotten crazy and Hamlet and Ophelia would in any case be infatuated. Hamlet’s last blemish is his powerlessness to choose whether life merits living or not, which adds to his obstinate uncertainty, which eventually prompts his own ruin. Hamlet is exceptionally confounded about his own life and is crazy. He is extremely discouraged from his father’s passing and the sentiment of double-crossing he has from Gertrude, his mom, who remarried directly after his father’s demise. He doesn't have the foggiest idea whether life merits living or not and this is clear when he says: To be, or not to bethat is the issue: Whether tis nobler in the psyche to endure The slings and bolts of preposterous fortune Or to take arms against an ocean of difficulties And by contradicting end them. To bite the dust, to rest No moreand by a rest to state we end The despair, and the thousand characteristic stuns That substance is beneficiary to. Tis a fulfillment Devoutly to be wished. To bite the dust, to rest To sleepperchance to dream: ay, theres the rub, For in that rest of death what dreams may come When we have rearranged off this human loop, Must give us delay. (III. I. 56) This is his celebrated discourse on the subject of life. He thinks about existence and demise and he can't choose whether or not to remain alive or to be dead. He accepts that passing is the best approach to get away from every one of his difficulties and his downturn yet then on the opposite side, he knows he needs to finish the errand of executing Claudius. His hesitation about his own life postpones his activity from doing what he truly needs to achieve. Despite the fact that Hamlet kills Claudius at the end, because of his ambivalent conduct, he has set aside an abundant excess effort to achieve one single errand. Additionally, it executed numerous blameless individuals he could have kept from slaughtering them. In the event that Hamlet would have not been so discouraged and really choose whether or not he should remain alive or pass on, he may have had a superior possibility achieving his undertakings a lot quicker and productive. Plainly, Hamlet is ambivalent all finished and his uncertainty achieved his own defeat. His mother’s passing, his love’s demise and his friend’s passings are totally brought about by Hamlet. If he somehow managed to be conclusive and direct, he could have slaughtered Claudius a lot quicker and he additionally could have forestalled the entirety of the passings that occurred. Numerous hypotheses endeavor to clarify why Hamlet takes such a long time to kill Claudius however out of numerous speculations, Hamlet’s uncertainty is the just one with full good answers. Each book or play has an appalling saint and each heartbreaking legend has a grievous defect and in the play Hamlet, there is no exemption. These subjects present in a considerable lot of William Shakespeare’s plays are pertinent even today. There are times when we are hesitant with regards to troublesome circumstances. To have the option to choose and to follow up on what you chose to do is the thing that we attempt to focus on, nonetheless, since Hamlet didn't finish this, he drove himself to his own defeat and furthermore numerous other’s to their ruin too.

Guest Post Rush Recruitment 2012

Guest Post Rush Recruitment 2012 Fraternity rush and sororiety recruitment, cornerstones of the welcome to MIT freshmen experience, began on Saturday. Today, Denzil Sikka, the President of Panhel  and Evan Wang, the Programming and Recruitment Chair of the Interfraternity Council,  asked if I wouldnt mind sharing their words. Theyd like to write about  why Going Greek was the best decision they made during their time here at MIT. Pledging MIT Sigma Chi three years ago has certainly significantly impacted my MIT experience in ways I couldnt have imagined as a freshman, so Im happy to share their words: Fraternities  and sororities mean having a great outlet away from the stress of life and academics, the chance  to have unforgettable adventures and collegiate experiences, and the possibility to make lasting  friendships. Roughly 30% of all undergraduate women, and about 50% of all undergraduate men are  affiliated. These members of MITís fraternities and sororities are known for being the most active,  intelligent, and involved men and women on campus. Denzil (Panhel): The Greek System is a large part of life at MIT. You can avoid it, embrace it, or cohabitate with it. Coming to MIT, I never really saw myself as a sorority girl, although I was never against it. Now three years later, I know that Greek Life has been one of the greatest opportunities to help me develop as a woman. My sorority is my home away from home. My sisters are my mentors, role models, and, most importantly, my closest friends.Ultimately, sororities are all about community and a support network, and through my sorority, I’ve learned leadership skills, volunteered in the community, and made life-long bonds at MIT. My freshman year, the process of Recruitment allowed me to see each sorority with open and objective eyes. I can confidently say that the choice I made was the right one for me because I looked at every sorority and went through a mutual selection process that helped me find the best fit for me! My MIT life and experience would have been completely different without my sorority, and so I urge all freshmen to try out Recruitment and see if you can find your own home away from home! Evan (IFC): 2 years ago, when I first stepped foot onto MIT, I thought there was no way I would ever join a fraternity. Pretty much the only images that came to mind when the topic was broached were of the insanity shown in Animal House. Perhaps thats why I was so surprised when I found myself swept away in the process that was rush attempting to figure out if there was a fraternity out there for me. The choices that I made certainly werent easy, but a few short months later, I found myself as a brother of the Kappa Sigma fraternity, and now, I often have trouble imagining what life would be like had I not given the Greek community here a chance to show me I could belong and contribute to it. This isnt to say that every guy will necessarily find a home in a fraternity, or everyone needs to try Greek life, but if you give us a chance, I’m sure that you will find that we are more welcoming, diverse, and involved around campus than you ever imagined before you got to MIT. Thanks Denzil and Evan, and hopefully most (if not all) incoming freshmen are hard at work exploring their options this busy week! Id like to leave you with one part(y)ing shot. Youre missing out on moments like this if youre a freshman at MIT and youre not rushing this week. Here are 9 seniors goofing around before playing trampoline dodgeball this afternoon!

Nietzsche Human, All Too Human - 973 Words

Nietzsche has had one of the greatest and most profound impacts on philosophy and modern thought. Nietzsche was one of the first existentialism thinkers who coined the phrase â€Å"God is dead.† In other words, Nietzsche realized that all human beings wrestled with certain difficulties and existentialist in life that is all apart of being human. Many of Nietzsche’s work was determining and distinguishing the desire to know the struggles of life anywhere from ideas, religion, species, science, thought, and many more. Nietzsche also believed that once something died that something else comes into its existence and replaces the old with the new. This idea is profound and heavily influenced with how things work in nature and how life continually evolves and advances into an existential reality simply driving life in its most natural way that we must come into a correspondence with in order to embrace. Throughout Nietzsche’s life and work there are three main topics t hat should be taken into a deeper depth of light and discussed which consist of Nietzsche’s ideas of morality, religion, and a more in depth look into his most famous phrase â€Å"God is dead.† To begin with, Nietzsche had a very strong belief in two moralities that consist of the master morality and the slave morality. The master morality is a life affirming that manifest the power, a realization of one being noble, and a superior status. According to Nietzsche, masters are considered to be unrestrained, audacious, open, andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Friedrich Nietzsche ´s Book 5 of The Gay Science Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gay Science, Nietzsche establishes that â€Å"God is dead†, meaning that modern Europe has abandoned religion in favor of rationality and science (Nietzsche 279). From this death, the birth of a ‘new’ infinite blossoms in which the world is open to an unlimited amount of interpretations that do not rely on the solid foundations of faith in religion or science. However, in contrast to the other philosophers of his age such as Immanuel Kant and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Nietzsche deviates from theRead MoreThe Western Philosophical Tradition By Friedrich Nietzsche844 Words   |  4 Pagesfact green and the sky was in fact blue. However, Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philosopher, challenges the Western Philosophical Tradition and their imperialistic ways. Nietzsche proposes the Western philosophical Tradition to be arrogant. He says humans are â€Å"remote† emphasizing the lack of importance humans claim they have. Nietzsche situates the scope and significance of the human intellect on a cosmological scale. He says humans put themselves at the center of things and deem their views toRead MoreEssay on Friedrich Nietzsche1595 Words   |  7 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche was born near Rocken a small town in the Prussian province of Saxony, on October 15, 1844. Ironically the philosopher who rejected religion and coined the phrase god is dead was descended from a line of respected clergymen. Nietzsche completed his secondary education at the exacting boarding school of Pforta. A brilliant student, he received rigorous training in Latin, Greek, and German. In 1864 the young man entered the University of Bonn to study theology and classical philologyRead MoreExamining Good and Bad Conscience in Friedrich Nietzsches Genealogy of Morals1625 Words   |  7 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche is recognized for being one of the most influential German philosophers of the modern era. He is known for his works on genealogy of morality, which is a way to study values and concepts. In Genealogy of Morals, Friedrich Nietzsche mentions that values and concepts have a history because of the many different meanings that come with it. Nietzsche focused on traditional ethical theories, especially those rooted in religion. Not being a religious man, he believed that human life hasRead MoreNietzsche s Philosophy On Personal Life And Education1200 Words   |  5 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche was a Germ an, writer, poet, thinker and philopher. He was renowned for his ideas on the end of religion, existentialism and the concept of good and evil. Nietzsche focused essentially on the end of religion. He once declared that â€Å"God is dead†, a statement that decidedly defied Christianity as well as morality. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, he was rapt in the development of â€Å"individual and cultural health, and believed in life, creativity, power, and down-to-earthRead MoreFeuerbach and Nietzsche877 Words   |  3 Pages Humans need the appearance of some sort of structure to live. They need rules to live by to tell them whether or not they are living â€Å"right†, in a good way or a bad way. We humans have come up with many different ways to tell whether we are living right â€Å"right† or not. We have come up with all of the different types of religions and the different sets of morals , all of which change throughout history and time depending on and reflecting it’s episteme. How can any religion or set of morals be consideredRead MoreAtheism: Nietzsche and Palahniuk Illustration of God1288 Words   |  5 Pagescomplex questions are redundant. The answers to all these questions revolve around one thing: us. We create who He is. We determine what He values. We determine what He believes. We determine whom He loves. We created God. What we should truly be asking is: Does one need God? The necessity of God is discussed at length in Friedrich Nietzsche’s book, â€Å"On the Genealogy of Morals,† wherein he states that since we create morals our own morals, God is too a social construct, who is different for everyRead MoreFriedrich Nietzsche, The German Philosopher965 Words   |  4 PagesTia Holenstein Professor Tevanyan RS 100 20 October 2015 Nietzsche and Agnosticism I chose to conduct my research on Friedrich Nietzsche, the German philosopher. One of the main reasons I decided on him, is because of my personal beliefs. I am agnostic and Nietzsche’s philosophy has an atheistic view on religion, which I resonate with. Nietzsche was born in a small village in Germany on October 15th 1844. He often spoke of an idea called â€Å"life-affirmation†, which basically means questioning everythingRead MoreNietzsche And Jean Sartre s View On The Death Of God882 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 19th and 20th century, Friedrich Nietzsche and Jean Sartre were two of the most prominent existentialist philosophers. The work that these philosophers have contributed to the existentialist school of thought has been regarded as the most ground breaking and controversial views on the meaning of life. This essay will provide a critical analysis of Nietzsche’s famous idea of the â€Å"Death of God† and Sartre’s extensive work on the theory â€Å"existence precedes essence†. In addition, it shallRead MoreEssay on Nietzsche1296 Words   |  6 PagesNietzsche I think that the three questions that I will try to find answers are highly interconnected with each other and because of this reason, I will not answer them separately. I will be answering them without order. First of all, from my interpretation of Nietzsche, modern humanity did not invent the idea of God. Rather the God had a functional role from his point of view. There is no doubt that, modern humanity had the idea of God, but in my opinion, this idea was like a heritage to the

The Victims Of Criminal Justice Systems Essay - 2860 Words

Victims of crime, particularly those violent in nature, have their rights violated and experience exceedingly high level of trauma and stress (Appendix B, 2015). It is surprising then, that Criminal Justice Systems (CJS) around the world forgo many victims’ rights and provided limited space for them to interact with the system (Sarre, 1999). Rather systems are built around balancing the rights of offenders against the greater safety and need of the community whilst neglecting individual justice needs of the victims (Sarre, 1999). With limited rights and minimal involvement a victim often becomes a disposable utensil to the CJS (Clark, 2010). They are used by the courts to determine the ultimate truth so justice may be served, with no care for the damage that may be caused in the process and then disposed of the case is concluded (Braun, 2014). In 2011-2012 a victimisation survey revealed that 1.2 million Australians were victims of personal crimes, such as assault, robbery and sexual assault (Australian Institution of Criminology, 2013). Of these victims, only half of the crimes were reported to the police (Australian Institution of Criminology, 2013). Such low reporting rates have been contributed in part to this notion of imbalance offender VS victims’ rights (Braun, 2014). Due to the sensitive nature of sexual crimes, the limited available evidence and victim rights, these crimes tend to carry the lowest reporting rates (Braun, 2014). During the latest AustralianShow MoreRelatedThe Victim Of The Criminal Justice System1622 Words   |  7 PagesI start, it is important to know who is defined as a victim of crime. A victim of crime is a person who is harmed due to a criminal offence, like suffering physical or emotional harm, property damage, or economic loss as a result of a crime (Branch, L. S., 2017). Also can be a spouse, conjugal partner, relative of, or a person responsible for a victim who has passed away or is not capable to act or â₠¬Ëœpreform’ for themselves for example a victim of child. As well as the person who harmed someone hasRead MoreVictims Of The American Criminal Justice System851 Words   |  4 Pagesand orders directed by the United States Government. However, many follow the laws and become victims of the American Criminal Justice system. Hence, we have people who become victims of wrong convictions. Wrongful conviction is define as a person who is currently serving a sentence via incarceration for a crime they did not commit. After the discovery of innocence, the department of corrections system exonerates them. Moreover, wrongful convictions are prominent and the effects that comes with wrongfulRead MoreThe Victim Care Program For The Criminal Justice System Essay1405 Words   |  6 PagesThe victim care program is an important resource that helps victims in the criminal justice system. Refugee and immigrant victims can find it hard to deal with the criminal justice system in the United States. This program is designed to assists these individuals in the court system. This paper will focus on the Victim Care Program in Fort Wayne. An evaluation of this program is aimed at understanding its role and effectiveness. The data provides by Victim Care Program will help to evaluate the worthRead MoreThe Relationship Between The Crime Victim and The Criminal Justice System1846 Words   |  8 Pages except your hope for justice and retribution. The death penalty for murder is emotionally charged and subject of great debate. Although survivors of homicide are the ones directly impacted by the crime, the topics of the death penalty and life without parole come exclusively from a societal, rather than an individual perspective. As well, most of the attention has focused on the institution of the death penalty and singularly on the offender instead of the victim. Thus, leaving survivorsRead MoreExplore the reasons why victim participation creates tension and conflict in the contemporary criminal justice system.1374 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review Explore the reasons why victim participation creates tension and conflict in the contemporary criminal justice system. Introduction The purpose of this literature review is to explore the impact of victim statements in the contemporary criminal justice system and observe how it can create tension and conflict in the courtroom between the victim, and the courts process itself. There are two pieces of literature used as the focal point of this review, they are; Tracey Booth’sRead MoreWhy The Criminal Justice System Works Will Only Make Me A Better Victim Advocate2394 Words   |  10 PagesMy Why My desire to help young adolescents who are remanded to the foster system regardless of their circumstances has pushed me in pursuing a Criminal Justice degree and has furthered my desire to become a Victim Advocate. Understanding how the criminal justice system works will only make me a better Victim Advocate. The ability to provide information and consolation on what victimization is, can help anyone who is going through a traumatizing experience. It can even lessen the intensity of traumaRead MoreCrime System And Criminal Justice System Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The criminal justice system has evolved on the decades. From initially being constituted by the victim to eventually becoming constituted by written laws. There have been several changes made within the justice system, so in the following I will discuss my perspectives of the researched information and the noted changes of a system that was created by the people for the people. Topic I – Victim Justice System vs. Criminal Justice System A. Responsibilities of the victim’s past/presentRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Has An Important Function942 Words   |  4 PagesEach actor in the criminal justice system has an important function. However, their perceptions and actions toward victims can often shape how the victims feel about themselves and about the level of help they will receive. The first level interaction the victim will often have with the criminal justice system is with the police. Often how a police officer views certain crimes ultimately influences how they are going to treat the victim. In the case of sexual assault, a very traumatic crime, theRead MoreRestorative Justice Is A Cost Effective Way Of Dealing With Crimes Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Restorative justice is an option to the formal criminal justice system which emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior. It can build the criminal law’s moral reliability and validity, which in turn will give the law the ability to gain compliance 377 (Elias., 2016). Although Restorative Justice has many benefits, it is not for everyone in every circumstance. In this research paper, I will be arguing that restorative justice is a cost-effective way of dealing with crimesRead MoreRestorative Justice And The Justice System1044 Words   |  5 PagesRestorative justice has can be seen to have multiple definitions among the most used are: A) a theory of justice that focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior and B) an approach of justice that aims to satisfy the needs of the victims and offenders, as well as the entire community. The most broadly accepted definition of restorative justice, however, is a process where all the parties that have equal power in a specific offense and collectively come to a solution on how to deal with

A New Health Care System Free Essays

Presently, the United States health care system is experiencing plentiful challenges ranging from staff shortage, overcrowding of emergency departments, and high cost of medical care to limited access for the unfortunate in the community. Signs that the system is going to collapse are almost everywhere, from hospitals overflowing with underinsured people to film laboratories unable to establish diagnosis. Currently, the health care is provided through the market with the government playing a restricted role. We will write a custom essay sample on A New Health Care System or any similar topic only for you Order Now This has made it almost impossible for all people to have access to basic medical care. Moreover, access to health care is a major issue facing the citizens. Specific barriers to health care include lack of medical cover, the big figure of undocumented residents Although universal health care can ensure increased coverage, many people in   are opposed to increased government participation. Among the developed countries, United States is the only country that spends colossal amounts of money in its health care and fails to provide health care for its citizens. A new health care system that includes increased government participation, provision of health care in schools, ambulatory services and establishment of a charitable assistance can ensure admittance to health care for all. Introduction of Ambulatory Services The new health care system will deal with common problem is overcrowding in hospital emergency departments, a trend which has momentous health implications (Park, 2007). Emergency patient’s rerouted to distant facilities risk increased mortality and morbidity. Overcrowding within the emergency department is linked with poorer results and can lead to prolonged pain and discomfort for patients. There is   need to embrace ambulatory services as means of offering health to the citizens   due to high numbers of people visiting medical facilities. The inclination towards ambulatory care in the widest sense of the word will mean outpatient health care for which the individual isn’t booked for an overnight stay. These underlying factors will include; the dire need to reduce mounting hospital expenditure; the increased demand for better patient-focused care and the passion for improved admission at the community level. The embracement of ambulatory health care in the city may lead to greater patient contentment. School Based Programs Most of the young children will benefit from this novel program. In order to make health care accessible to all residents, the health care will be provided through the schools as well as in health facilities. Schools have the capacity to offer preventive and screening services to a broad range of children who might otherwise not access health care. For most of the young people attending educational institutions, there is a dire need to provide health care including dental services. This will include not only referrals for restorative but also health care preventive health care as well. A connected area is education on good dieting to prevent health problems such as dental conditions and to deal with the prevalent problem of obesity and its related health effects among school children. This program will not be disadvantaged by the new system. For adolescents, broadening of health programs will be required to assist students manage substance abuse, family conflict and sexuality. Learning institutions can serve as locales for early diagnosis of health problems and mental conditions; a key issue is relating students to comprehensive care to assist them deal with those problems. Increased Government Involvement. A new health care system that includes increased government involvement will help in addressing current challenges such as hazardous and pointless medical procedures and removal of monetary games between patients, insurers and doctors Park, 2007). In addition, huge amounts of cash would be saved doing away with expensive health care needed when a sick individual fails to obtain preventive care. Further, establishment of charitable assistance for the underprivileged would be enviable, as many people would agree the current programs such as Medicaid and Medicare are invasive and harmful to the health of the patient (Castro, 1991). According to Castro, Medicare is too bureaucratic and expensive and is depriving young employees in the country (1991). To make health care more affordable, voluntary charitable assistance will be provided to enable the poor to purchase personal medical coverage thus saving them the massive bureaucratic expenses and the unbearable book-keeping requirements as well as legal threats impressed upon physicians and insurers. Challenges to the Proposed System The proposed system that includes increased government participation would create problems because even in difficult days the benefits of increased government participation in health care in U. S are sadly hidden from the general public (Lev, 2009). Instead the negative effects continue to triumph in the minds of many policy makers.   Erroneously, most Americans are often ensnared into ideological arguments such as the perception of freedom, opposition to nationalized health care, a fake feeling of autonomy of option and irrational fear of government ineffectiveness in managing such a large system of health care. Conclusion Such a health care system will not cause problems because when government fully caters for the expenses of medical care, in fact the individuals or employers would be freed from paying private insurance. Further, increased government participation in medical care provision would greatly decrease expenses not only as a result of exercising monopoly authority mainly in the process of purchasing drugs but also for the reason that management overheads linked   with private cover and profit margins will be eliminated. Second, the use of school based health care will guarantee that most of school going children receives screening and preventive health services which may otherwise not have been available to them. References Castro, J. (1991). Condition: Critical. Time, 38(21), 8-34 Lev, S. (2009). Healthy Questions: Private versus Universal Health Care. Retrieved May3, 2009 from http://www.groundreport.com/Politics/Healthy-Questions-Private- versus-Universal-Health. Weinstein, M. et al. (1996). Recommendations of the panel on cost –effectiveness in health and medicine. Economic issues, 276(1), 1253-1258. Park, H. (2007). Broken system: The U.S. has failed at health care. Retrieved June 25, 2009 from http://74.125.93.104/search?q=cache:Vj7uCP6pSB8J:www.uga.edu/globis/direc tor/articles/10272007.pdf+why+united+states+has+failed+to+socialized+medicin ecd=5hl=enct=clnkgl=ke.    How to cite A New Health Care System, Papers

Machine Learning Tools and Techniques †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Machine Learning Tools and Techniques. Answer: Introduction The report discusses about Spark New Zealand is a telecommunications company located in New Zealand. The company provides mobile network, telephone services, internet services and information and communication technology (ICT) to various businesses through the companys digital spark division. The company considered the largest in terms of value listed in the New Zealand Stock Exchange. The company believes in investing more in the future of New Zealand by expanding its business. The report further discusses about the ethical, social and culturally appropriate behavior that prevails in the company. There is also discussion about how the existing ethical behavior through enhancements. The report also puts forward the professional behavior prevailing in the company and its improvements through various enhancements. The report also discusses about theories of self-motivation that can be applied to improve individual productivity. There is also discussion about the concept of strategic ch ange management and examples to support it. Critically discuss and evaluate ethical, social and culturally appropriate behaviors that are existent in the chosen organization The company under discussion is Spark New Zealand. The company is trying to keep up to the changes taking place with a view to serve the customers of New Zealand on a long-term basis. Thus, they unpin on the strategy of sustainability that implies serving rightly to the communities, employees and customers. Therefore, the company tries to follow an ethical, social and culturally appropriate behavior The existing ethical and social behavior is as follows: Employees not allowed for engaging in any commercial activities or business that might hamper their performance in the company. The employees should not possess strong affinity towards any political parties. The employees cannot be indirectly or directly concerned in any capacity with independent contractor, director or employee involved in other internet/ telecommunication industry for any kind of personal benefits. The employees should ensure the competitive edge of the company and its subsidiaries and thereby ensuring trading in shares or other properties based on the insider trading policy of the company. The employees must meet the shareholders needs and must familiarize themselves for with the companys codes and policies. The company in order to recognize the importance of diversity promotes four values that includes we listen, we struck in, we win together and we are straight up. This is enabling the company in the delivery of business objectives and fulfillment of customer needs (Grieve Grieve, 2015) Based on your discussion in (a), elaborate on enhancements that can be made to improve the existing ethical behavior in the chosen organization. However, the company follows a code of ethics but through certain enhancements, there can be some improvements in the existing ethical behavior of the company(Dickson, Naylor, Phelps, 2015). These enhancements are as follows: Immediate disciplinary action for Unethical behavior The company should initiate rewards for the employees with positive ethical behavior. This will help in boosting employee performance. To ensure promotion of ethical behavior the employee can designate the managers as their role models. This will help act as a guiding force and thereby helps in lending more credibility to the existing code of ethics (Tseng, 2014). There employees delivering unethical behavior must be dealt on an immediate basis so that they are able to understand its implications. Professional Behavior Critically discuss and evaluate professional behavior that is existent in the chosen organization. The company under discussion in this report is Spark New Zealand. The company expects that the employees should exhibit a professional behavior that is in alignment with the values and goals. This is important because the professional behavior exhibited by the employees that will determine future customers and business of spark. (Schaltegger, 2012).Therefore, the professional behavior of the employees of Spark includes The duties undertaken by the employees are in accordance with the values of the company Their conduct of behavior represents that their honesty and integrity is beyond question. Their conduct of employees are professional enough to strengthen and uphold the reputation and image of the company The employees deal honestly and fairly with not only the people of New Zealand but also customers, suppliers and professional advisors(Witten, Frank, Hall, 2016). Moreover, the employees have a clear understanding about the objectives of the company and they advocate publicly for the company and always deal customer response with a positive reply. The professionals also act as if the company is their own business. They therefore chose to live within the constraints and thereby make smart choices. The employees of the company also make sure that they make announcements about the company whereabouts. The employees of the company also treat each in a respectful manner that makes the company very conducive to work in. The employees at Spark also take necessary precautions not only for their own good but also for the safety of the clients and the colleagues. b) Based on your discussion in (a), elaborate on enhancements that can be made to improve the existing professional behavior in the chosen organization. Spark New Zealand follows a professional behavior that is perfect for the company (Serenar, Bosak, Attarian, 2013). However, a few enhancements to this behavior can lead to an improvement in the employees of the company. These are as follows: Ensure Competence: The employees must be good at their work and must possess skills and knowledge that allow them to do perform well. Ensuring reliability and integrity: The employees must be reliable enough so that they are dependable and have some principles that are consistent to their work. Self up gradation: The employees must possess the interest to upgrade themselves with the latest technologies from time to time. Staying Focused at Work: The employee should focus and not allow any personal matters to influence them when they are performing their duties. Be a Good Listener: While dealing with the clients and other customer base the employees must be patient enough to listen what the other party have to say. Self-motivation in Improving Individual Productivity In this section, discuss two relevant motivation theories and explain how each of the theory may improve individual productivity in the chosen organization. The relevant motivational theories for Improving Individual Productivity include: Frederick Herzberg developed the theory in the year 1950s based on the analysis of feedback of 200 engineers and accountants about their work. He found two factors ensure employee satisfaction and motivation. This includes motivator factors and hygiene factors. The theory therefore indicates that to ensure productive and happy workforce the company must work on the two factors mentioned in the theory(Alshmemri, Shahwan-Ak, Maude, 2017). Thus, the company can ensure ample motivation by making sure that the employees feel supported and appreciated. The employees should also receive feedback and know their growth in the company. Moreover, the company must also make sure that the employees under working under favorable conditions and receive proper remuneration. The company should also make supportive relationship with the teams and make sure each teams paid the required attention. Abraham Maslow proposed the theory of Hierarchy of Needs in the year 1943. The theory suggests that the basic needs of the individuals met before they receive motivation for accomplishing needs of higher level(Lester, 2013) There are five levels of hierarchy for meeting individual needs: Safety: This implies the safety of the financial and personal security, well being and health. Physiological: This refers to the basic needs for survival like the food, water and shelter Love/belonging: This refers to the need for family, friendships and relationships Esteem: This implies the need for feeling confident and respected by others. Self -actualization: This refers to the ultimate desire to achieve everything that is possible under the sun. The company in order increase individual productivity based on this theory needs to explain to the employees their actual roles and the services they need to provide to the clients. The value of the roles will not only make them feel respected but also motivated towards working harder (cao, jiang, oh, liao, 2013). The company in order to get full support of the team needs to make sure that other aspects of their lives met. The company can do so by offering flexible working hours, ensure fair payment and focus on their families. Discuss concept of strategic decision-making to achieve business sustainability and long-term organizational success. Based on the environment on which the company operates, there are ample decisions that strategic level leaders make that have wide variation. The concept of strategic decision-making is an important aspect of the job as it is responsible for setting the tone for decision making throughout the organization (Yidong Xinxin, 2013). These are major decisions characterized by high stakes strategic positioning and other functions of the organization. Examples on then chosen organization Thus in order to ensure sustainability through strategic decision-making Spark has initiated encouraging sustainability in its day-to-day activities. This includes: Ensuring reduction of vehicular and air travel through promotion of video conference and smart meeting rooms. This cut the need to travel between Wellington, Hamilton, Christ church and Auckland offices (shi, 2013) The company encourages staff and customers for recycling their phones by dropping it in the recycle bins present in the stores and offices. The devices that are working sold in the market and the ones unused are recycled using proper channels. The company has also undertaken waste management strategy for removal and recycling of the waste. Conclusion: The report ends through a discussion on various findings on Spark New Zealand. There report segregated into various sections and analysis done for each of the sections. The Section 1 deals with two questions, one identifying the ethical, social and cultural behavior of the company and the second deals with discussions on further enhancements that will improve the ethical behavior of the employees. The report here provides an answer to both the questions. The Section 2 again has two options out of which the first option chosen and the given questions on professional behavior and the ways for its improvement answered. Section 3, deals with the self-motivation theories that can be applied by the company for improving the individual productivity. Then there is Section 4 that has two parts. The first part deals with the concept of strategic change management for attaining sustainability and the second part deals with examples. The report does a descriptive analysis of each question. References: Alshmemri, M., Shahwan-Akl, L., Maude, P. (2017). Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory. Life Science Journal, 14(5). Cao, H., Jiang, J., Oh, L. B., Li, H., Liao, X., Chen, Z. (2013). A Maslow's hierarchy of needs analysis of social networking services continuance. Journal of Service Management, 24(2), 170-190. Dickson, G., Naylor, M., Phelps, S. (2015). Consumer attitudes towards ambush marketing. Sport management review, 18(2), 280-290. Grieve, F., Meek, K. (2015). Whose job is it anyway?: preparing graphic design students for the business of creative industry. Lester, D. (2013). Measuring Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Psychological Reports, 113(1), 15-17. Oswick, C., Noon, M. (2014). Discourses of diversity, equality and inclusion: trenchant formulations or transient fashions?. British Journal of Management, 25(1), 23-39. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F., Hansen, E. G. (2012). Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 6(2), 95-119. Serenari, C., Bosak, K., Attarian, A. (2013). Cross-cultural efficacy of American low-impact programs: A comparison between Garhwal guide beliefs on environmental behavior and American outdoor travel norms. Tourism Management, 34, 50-60. Shi, X. (2013). Spillover effects of carbon footprint labelling on less developed countries: The example of the east Asia summit region. Development Policy Review, 31(3), 239-254. Tseng, S. C., Hung, S. W. (2014). A strategic decision-making model considering the social costs of carbon dioxide emissions for sustainable supply chain management. Journal of environmental management, 133, 315-322. Witten, I. H., Frank, E., Hall, M. A., Pal, C. J. (2016). Data Mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques. Morgan Kaufmann. Yidong, T., Xinxin, L. (2013). How ethical leadership influence employees innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2), 441-455.

Drama for Development in Africa

Introduction This paper is aimed at discussing the way in which TFD (Theatre for development) is used in Swaziland where people have to struggle with such difficulties as HIV pandemic, poverty, inequality, and sexual abuse of women. The use of TFD workshops is helpful for promoting good qualities of the community and highlighting many of the social problems. Moreover, this approach is critical for understanding the underlying causes of difficulties that people can encounter on a daily basis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drama for Development in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This method has already been adopted in various African countries such as Zimbabwe, Nigeria, or Kenya. Volunteers and social workers began to apply these techniques three decades ago. Yet, in Swaziland, this practice is relative new. Thus, it is necessary to determine whether these TFD workshops correspond to the principles discus sed during the class. Overall, it is possible to argue that these performances can increase people’s awareness about the social problems affecting their communities. Apart from that, they encourage people to change some aspects of their behavior and re-evaluate many of their worldviews and stereotypes. Yet, they do not prompt the spectators to examine conflicting arguments or views. Furthermore, more attention should be paid to the empowerment of individuals, especially women who are usually underprivileged both social and economically. So, the principles of TFD are only partly followed. These are the main questions that should be discussed more closely. TFD workshops in Swaziland and the main principles of this approach At first, one should focus the transformative effects of TFD. To some degree, it is aimed at changing some of the beliefs and values of individuals. This is one of the main principles that should be kept in mind. These people should believe that they are able to bring improvements into the live of the community. At present, the workshops, which include both songs and plays, increase people’s awareness about the risks of HIV infection. This task is critical for reducing the pandemic of this disease in this country. This is one of the most acute problems that Swaziland currently faces. This issue is addressed during the Siphocosini Youth Group TFD Workshop. In particular, these people show that HIV patients can be victimized by the society. In most cases, they are marginalized by others. As a result, the spread of this disease is not reduced in any way. However, there is a significant limitation. In particular, this TFD performance does not show how individuals should act in order to minimize the risk of HIV transmission and make sure that children are not exposed to this threat. They only speak about the shortage of financial resources or lack of governmental attention to this problem, but they do not show how people’s life styles should change or what ethical decisions that they should take. This question is not examined during this workshop. This shortcoming should not be disregarded because TFD workshops are primarily aimed at changing the ethical decisions of individuals, rather than entire societies. Certainly, this process is very time-consuming, but it is vital for bringing improvements into the lives of people. In a country like Swaziland, the use of strategy can support the needs of many individuals and groups. This is one of the issues that can be singled out.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, it is vital to speak about conscientisation which is also an important element of TFD. This process means that a person is encouraged to think critically and place themselves in the position of other people. This activity is also critical for brining improvements into the life of the communi ty because individuals are less likely to harm others if they fully understand the problem encountered by others. This issue is addressed by TFD practitioners in Swaziland. In particular, many young people in this country create plays which show that people with HIV may be the victims of rape, and they are usually treated only as outcasts by their neighbors or even relatives. This is one of the details that should be taken into account. Overall, conscientisation is important for demonstrating that marginalization of people creates a vicious circle that prevents a society from achieving progress. This issue is particularly important for Swaziland where the spread of this disease can be explained by people’s unwillingness to support people who have HIV. The main goal of conscientisation is to promote empathy or understanding the feelings of others because in such a way, communities can support underprivileged individuals who are not usually able to voice their discontent with t he policies of the government or existing social norms. In turn, TFD workshops prompt many people to put themselves in the position of these individuals. Moreover, one should pay attention to the active participation of spectators in performances because effective TFD workshops should be based on this principle. In particular, the viewers should not isolate themselves from people who are portrayed in the plays. This is one of the goals that can be attained with the help of TFD. In particular, practitioners of TFD should prompt the audience to express their views on a particular problem and offer their recommendations or suggestions. This is one of the aspects that can be distinguished. This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about Zibonele TFD workshop. People, who organized this performance, presented a certain story and encouraged viewers to provide their recommendations to the actors. The audience also participated in this performance by responding to the questions t hat the actors posed. For example, some members of the audience said people should not be afraid of taking HIV tests because it is not possible to turn a blind eye to this threat. Moreover, they noted that people should not conceal their HIV status from their relatives because in this way, a person could only contribute to the spread of HIV and AIDs in the country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drama for Development in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To a great extent, this strategy encourages the viewers to re-evaluate some of their perceptions on the norms of behavior. For instance, Swaziland, young people are often reluctant to speak about their HIV status. In turn, the practitioners of TFD in Swaziland were able to change their attitudes toward this problem. Thus, these workshops fully comply with this principle of TFD. This is one of the points that can be made. Another important issue is that TFD should put to an internalized oppression. Many people do not have the authority to address social problems. People, who practice TFD in Swaziland, attempt to reach this objective. Yet, some of their strategies can be questioned. For instance, there are several performances, which can show why many people become exposed to the risks of HIV. In particular, the actors highlight the importance of using the services of professional medical workers, rather than healers who are more likely to expose people to put the health of patients at risks. Additionally, these plays show that Swazi women are exposed to the threat of rape. More importantly, this phenomenon is not regarded as something outrageous. However, the practitioners of TFD do not prompt women to depart from conventional gender roles according to which they have to accept the authority of males without any question. They are not encouraged to become more independent. In other words, the developmental needs of these women are not properly examined. This is one of the drawbacks that can be singled out. This task should be an important element of TFD workshops, especially in a country like Swaziland. Thus, the organizers of TFD workshops need to pay more attention to this problem while developing their future strategies. Conflict resolution is another element which is important for TFD. Such workshops are supposed to show how people, who have conflicting values or priorities, can resolve their disagreements. In order to attain this goal, one should present the views of conflicting people and prompt these people put in the position of one another. However, this goal was not attained by the performers. For instance, they did not prompt men and women to discuss the most significant family problems such as abuse, stigmatization of many women, or absence of employment opportunities.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By engaging the spectators into this discussion, TFD practitioners can help people understand many social or family conflicts. This is one of the details that should not be disregarded by social workers or other people who want to improve the living conditions in various Swazi communities. This principle of TFD is useful for challenging many of the conventions and stereotypes that exist in the community. One can say that Swaziland is a country which has to struggle with many economic, political, and social problems. They can be attributed to various factors such as the functioning of governmental organizations or economic inequalities. However, it is not possible to overlook behavioral norms adopted in this country because individuals become alienated from others. The five elements of TFD are useful for addressing many problems such as the marginalization and victimization of women. These are the main difficulties that should be considered by community leaders, social workers, and p olicy-makers who should focus on the factors that slow down the development of Swazi society. Conclusion Overall, this discussion suggests that the adoption of TFD can help many communities in Swaziland. In particular, this method is important for understanding the experiences of people who can struggle with poverty, discrimination, or ostracism. Moreover, such workshops should prompt to evaluate their behavior and identify the most appropriate course of action. TFD organized in Swaziland attain these objectives. Yet, there are certain shortcomings that should not be disregarded. First of all, these workshops do not emphasize the need to resolve or at least explain existing conflicts or disagreements. As a result, people are not able to place themselves in the position of others. Secondly, more attention should be paid to the empowerment of individuals who are often treated as pariahs by others. These are the main arguments that can be put forward. This essay on Drama for Development in Africa was written and submitted by user Aubrie F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Alienation

In this paper I will try and relate the ideas of two great European thinkers back to what have discussed so far in class. Both Marx and Weber saw the existing system of capitalism during their time, that is still in existence today, was based off the idea that the individual is an autonomous unit which lacks a connection to society which effects its progression and evolution. I will discuss how both of them saw the possibility of the individual becoming an integral part of society, one piece of a puzzle, and how this change in the definition or the perception of the individual could lead to the possibility of the dissolution of Capitalism as was seen then and still persists today. The question is whether the individual will ever fully see it in their best interest to perceive themselves as one piece of a large and elaborate system where everything is interconnected. Where they would base their actions off of what is best for society as whole and not just themselves. Or whether t he autonomous individual will thrive right along with the capitalist ideas that are still being taught in school. Marx and Weber may disagree about the rise of classes in a capitalist society, but they do have their similarities. Marx felt that history was based on the conflict between classes and this conflict would cause the downfall of capitalism. †Hitherto, every form of society has been based, as we have already seen, on the antagonism of oppressing and oppressed classes.†(Marx-Engels Reader P.483) Weber does not agree that class conflict is what defines history, but he does say that a class, though not being a community, has the possibility for producing societal action. People of a community or group may have individual interests, but they put those aside to work as a whole. When individuals act in a societal movement they may do different things, but they are acting in cooperation because in the end it will serve in their individual interests.... Free Essays on Alienation Free Essays on Alienation In this paper I will try and relate the ideas of two great European thinkers back to what have discussed so far in class. Both Marx and Weber saw the existing system of capitalism during their time, that is still in existence today, was based off the idea that the individual is an autonomous unit which lacks a connection to society which effects its progression and evolution. I will discuss how both of them saw the possibility of the individual becoming an integral part of society, one piece of a puzzle, and how this change in the definition or the perception of the individual could lead to the possibility of the dissolution of Capitalism as was seen then and still persists today. The question is whether the individual will ever fully see it in their best interest to perceive themselves as one piece of a large and elaborate system where everything is interconnected. Where they would base their actions off of what is best for society as whole and not just themselves. Or whether t he autonomous individual will thrive right along with the capitalist ideas that are still being taught in school. Marx and Weber may disagree about the rise of classes in a capitalist society, but they do have their similarities. Marx felt that history was based on the conflict between classes and this conflict would cause the downfall of capitalism. †Hitherto, every form of society has been based, as we have already seen, on the antagonism of oppressing and oppressed classes.†(Marx-Engels Reader P.483) Weber does not agree that class conflict is what defines history, but he does say that a class, though not being a community, has the possibility for producing societal action. People of a community or group may have individual interests, but they put those aside to work as a whole. When individuals act in a societal movement they may do different things, but they are acting in cooperation because in the end it will serve in their individual interests....

Desiderius Erasmus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Desiderius Erasmus - Essay Example It is a logical philosophy which is based on human beings belief with regard to dignity, derive information from scientific principles and gain the relevant motivation from human compassion and hope (Fowler 139). Most humanist have a common belief which is based on individual freedoms and rights but also believed that social cooperation, mutual respect and individual responsibility are equally important. In addition, they believe that the problems bedevilling society can only be solved by the people themselves which can improve the overall quality of life for everyone. In this way, the humanist maintains the positivity from the inspiration they acquire in their daily activities, natural world, culture and various forms of art. They are also believed that every individual has only one life to live and it is his/her personal responsibility to shape it in the right way and enjoy it fully. Humanists encourage positive relationships, human dignity and moral excellence while enhancing coop eration and compassion within the community. They also see the natural world as the only place where they show love and work thus setting good examples to the rest. They accept total responsibility in their course of their daily action as they struggle to survive as they enjoy the diversity around. Humanism strives to move away from religious or secular institution through a philosophy that shuns the existing traditional dogmatic authority. Characteristics of humanism include democratic, creative use science, ethical, insist that Social responsibility and liberty go hand in hand and cultivate creative and ethical living Humanist commitment is enshrined in responsible behaviours and rational thoughts which facilitate quality life in the society. They also believe that human beings and nature are inseparable though the latter is indifferent to the human existence. They also believed that living is the most significant part of life that overshadow dying and heavily contribute to overal l life purpose and meaning.On moral values, they believe that they are not products of divine revelation or a property of religious tradition and therefore must be developed by human beings through natural reasoning (Fowler 183). Understanding of the nature should thus be the guiding principle in determination/reflection of the wrong as well as right behaviours. Furthermore, they possess the faith that human being has the capacity to differentiate and choose between bad and evil without any the existence of potential incentive of reward. Humanism is based on rational philosophy which is get inspirations from art, information from science and motivation from compassion. It tries to support the affirmation of human dignity while maximising opportunity consonant and individual liberty which is tied down to planetary and social responsibility. It heavily advocate for fro extensive societal democracy and society expansion as well as social justice and human rights. Humanism is devoid of supernaturalism since it recognise human as part of nature while laying emphasis on ethical, religious, political and social values. Therefore, humanism tends to derive its life goals from human interest and needs rather than deriving them from ideological and theological abstractions and further asserts that the human destiny lie on their responsibility (Fowler 219). Humanism provides a way of living and thinking that tries

Book Listing Website using PHP and mySQL,HTML Literature review

Book Listing Website using PHP and mySQL,HTML - Literature review Example This is where a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) comes into picture. According to (ACM SIGCHI 1996), â€Å"Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them†. HCI in general terms can be inferred as a mix of a discipline belonging to the field of engineering dealing with the science of design. It’s a kind of study which evaluates the level of ease with which a person could use the system using the attributes of practicability, intuitiveness and accuracy. A successful interface implementation depends on how well the requirements of the system are gathered in the initial phase. There are critical opinions mentioning the lack of knowledge with developers in identifying the characteristics of humans while using a system, especially a website (Lotze 2002). Reducing design costs, improving quality and the process involved are some of the research areas that are been explored in recent times. Being a subset of User Interaction, HCI involves identifying goals from the standpoint view of both the user and business and also, developing architectural prototypes that can be refined consistently. Most of the efforts that go into coding and creating designs are actually directed towards the development of HCI. In the current trend, with the emergence of cloud computing and other technical advancements, the necessity to develop a safe, useful and commercially viable website is imperative and looking forward, it stands to remain at the same cynosure. Software Development Life Cycle Software development Life Cycle (SDLC) provides an effective approach for developing a website or any kind of software. SDLC involves seven fundamental phases which enclose the entire development timeframe of the software. All these phases are equally important as faltering in any of the phase would lead to astronomical errors in all ot her subsequent phases. The phases includes, studying feasibleness, analysing requirements, designing, modelling, implementation, testing and active operation. SDLC directly relates the phases involved in the management of project with the corresponding phases of Software Development. Out of several SDLC models that are available, for a small term project of this nature, an iterative model of SDLC would be the ideal fit. Other options include the agile and waterfall model. An iterative model allows for an openness to exist between the client and the developer and also, allows for an interactive development – enabling changes to be made even in the middle of a development process. A waterfall model does not allow for the requirements to be added at a later stage as the models are based directly on the initial requirement analysis phase. In case of developing websites, requirements often keep changing and with the advancements in technologies, there is always a constant need for fine tuning the effectiveness of a website. Hence, an iterative model suits as a best model to follow for this kind of development. Additionally, the time spent in analysing the requirements would be quite minimal in an iterative model as there is this feasibility of augmenting the development process with additional requirements, if needed. So, a cost effective, minimal time consuming iterative model would suffice the demands of developing a book listing website. (Saleh 2009) Data Security and Accessibility Information security is one of the primary aspects of

Ethical Business In The Minds Of Its Customers Commerce Essay

Ethical Business In The Minds Of Its Customers Commerce Essay This paper aims to answer the question Has McDonalds PLC achieved its objective of being seen as an ethical business in the mind of its customers? I chose McDonalds because it is one of the biggest food outlets in the world. Over the years, it has been criticised by costumers for being unhealthy and not environmental conscious. My investigation is based on a comparison of what McDonald claims to change and to work on against the counterclaims posed by the public. In order to fortify my claim, typical case studies of how McDonald has achieved being an ethical business in the eyes of the consumer were presented and analysed. They are: Analysis of the McDonalds Beef Fries Controversy and the McDonalds Happy Meal Challenge. Other research and enquiry was done to further analyse my investigation and they include: a primary research and a secondary research .A primary research was carried out in order to seek the opinion of the people in my local community about the state MacDonalds has reached as an ethical business. To further investigate on this, a secondary research was conducted using the companys sustainable card for the year 2011 in order to determine if McDonalds is environmentally sustainable. Results gotten from this were analysed and it was observed that 60% of the people who answered the questionnaire were not satisfied with McDonald being an ethical company due to certain reasons. The remaining 40% of people wer in support of MacDonalds being ethical. In conclusion, I realised that McDonald is really not as ethical as most allegations claim. With regards to this, suggestions regarding marketing strategies, and organisational structure were given under my recommendations. With these suggestions, McDonald can indeed reach a commendable level as an ethical business someday in the future. Word count: 295 Table of content Abstractà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..1 Introductionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦3 Research Questionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.3 Investigationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦7 Bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦8 What is ethics?8 Organisational Structure of McDonalds10 Case Studies on McDonalds as an unethical business and Counterclaims by the company as being ethical12 Result Analysis16 Conclusion18 Recommendation..19 Bibliographyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦20 Appendix21 Introduction In 1937, McDonalds was started as a drive-in restaurant by two brothers, Richard and Maurice McDonald in California. From the beginning, it was making about $200,000 per annum. However, in the 1940s the company began to implement self-service policies called the Speedee system where consumers serve themselves and this boosted their annual earnings. Initially, McDonalds was designed for mass production where people line up to collect their food. During this era, food prices were relatively low and the two brothers considered service and cleanliness as the paramount factors to the success of their business. With this growing in buisness, people started showing interest in this business and wanted to take it on as a franchise. A franchise is an agreement where a business (the franchisor) sells the right to other businesses (the franchisees) allowing them to sell products or to use them to sell products or use the companys name (Dave Hall, Rob Jones. 2004. P.50) This system failed because at this point the Donald brothers were very transparent in their business dealings. In addition, this franchises formed were not able to meet up with standards set by the parent organisation. This encouraged a lot of imitators that copied their business and the format it employed. However, in the early 1990s, McDonalds was facing problems due to changing customer preferences and increasing competition. Customers were becoming increasingly health conscious and they wanted to avoid red meat and fried food. They preferred to eat at other fast food outlets that offered discounts. (Anon. 2002) As at 21 may 2012,McDonalds was ranked by the Fortune magazine (Anon, 2012) as first company in the food services making him the worlds largest fast food chain, selling primarily hamburgers, chicken, French fries and carbonated drinks and more recently salads, fruit and carrot sticks. There are McDonalds restaurants in 120 countries and territories and they serve about 54 millions of customers each day. (Anon, 2006) Such a success implies a lot of responsibilities such as finding the right management style to keep the business running a good Human Resources management in order to have the best workforce to be able to deliver good services and to satisfy the consumers. The consumers are one of the most important elements for a businesss success so there opinion should be considered. Looking at McDonalds which operates in the food industry; it has to provide food that is in respect with consumers health, culture, taste, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This aspect of the business is called Ethics which is a system of moral principles, being in the business context we talk more of Business Ethics. Business ethics could be defined as the moral values that guide the way corporations or other business make decisions (Mark S. Putnam.2002). It is at this junction, my research question: Has McDonalds PLC achieved its objective of being seen as an ethical business in the mind of its customers? comes in. I might be a bit prejudiced in my judgement and answer to this question as I have been a big fan of McDonalds right from childhood. Consequently, I have employed other sources to aid my unbiased and objective analysis of this. Over the years, there have been a lot of cases and reports presenting McDonalds as an unethical business. The question here is; how true are all these allegations which are laid against this company? Are there other perspectives as to its credibility as an ethical business and what are preferable suggestions as to how McDonald can be more ethical, if indeed they are currently considered unethical in the minds of the consumers? All these are going to be analysed in my essay bringing to the limelight both sides of the coin and critically analysing various prominent case studies such as; The McDonalds Beef Fries Controversy, and McDonalds Happy Meal Challenge. With all this in mind, conclusions as to whether McDonalds has been an ethical business will be made and preferable suggestions given as to how to boost their image. McDonalds has to portray a good image to its customers and its employees; by offering a good quality of food. This essay aims to investigate the achievement of McDonald as an ethical business over the years as well as its loyalty lies i.e., its profit or the well-being of the community and the environment at large. The problem is that on various accounts, allegations have been laid against McDonalds as an unethical business. Many ethical issues are subjective and are difficult to enforce and easy to neglect that is why I have come up with the title of Has McDonalds PLC achieved its objective of being seen as an ethical business in the mind of its customers? Investigation With regards these allegations passed on McDonalds as to not achieving the standard as an ethical business, a primary research was conducted in the form if a questionaire This was done to find out peoples opinion on this subject matter i.e; whether they think they are ethical or not. I chose a stratified sample of public, because it makes the sample more representative of the whole group. The sample is divided into segments. I therefore chose a sample of 20 people aged from 17 and plus and all of them went to different locations in the world. The questionnaire was launched on Survey Monkey (Darrell, 2012), so that everybody could fill it, and I will make the results more general. As secondary research I looked at the McDonalds Sustainability scorecard and for the year 2010 and 2011 (refer appendix 1), to look at the goals that McDonalds has set to meet in terms of ethics. These goals could be included in the questionnaire for the customers to counter or to confirm their affirmation of being ethical. I also looked for different articles and point of view about McDonalds ethics which will be used to counter McDonalds opinion about its ethics. They are: Analysis of The McDonalds Beef Fries Controversy and the McDonalds Happy Meal Challenge. Body What is Ethics? The ethics of a business depends upon the values of its employees. The ethical stance of a business is likely to be determined by the values of senior managers, directors and other important stakeholders. It will also be influenced by codes of conduct which may operate in the industry. The term ethical is used to refer to businesses which explicitly recognise the importance of social responsibility and the need to consider its actions upon stakeholders. This has led to the rise of stakeholder concept. Some businesses now take into account the needs of employees, customers, suppliers and the local community as well as shareholders when making important business decisions. The benefits of this approach might include the following: If the needs of the McDonalds employees are taken into account which is usually a higher salary they may be more motivated, more productive, more loyal, more flexible and less likely to leave. However if McDonalds chooses to focus too much on shareholder needs might find it difficult to recruit high quality staff. If businesses have a higher regard for the local community they might win their support. For example, if the local community is consulted when expansions plans are announced, there may be less resistance to the construction of new buildings. Having their regard for the local community is also likely to improve the image of the company. In this case, McDonalds could consult the local communities about the food they serve and their origin, this will make less protestations and this will give McDonalds the image of an ethical business. If the needs of customers are satisfied more effectively there is likely to be an increase in business. For example, if McDonalds deal with complaints in a friendly and supportive manner, customers are more likely to return and spread the good word. One way of considering the impact of businesses upon society is to view all the groups affected by the behaviour of a business as a stakeholders. The stakeholders in the case of McDonalds are likely to include customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers, government and local communities. The following lines of my extended essay will mainly be the comparison and the analysis of some information collected from McDonalds which obviously would described itself to be an ethical against some articles found on the internet which contradicts the version of McDonalds of being ethical. While a business is considering its stakeholders, a problem could possible arise which is the ethical dilemma. Ethical dilemma is the moral decisions  that  have to be made when choices are equally unfavourable.  With McDonalds being so popular, they have to meet the demand of their patrons, but at the same time, think of ways to make more sales, cut costs, and basically maximize the profits of the firms.  During these processes, they face many ethical dilemmas concerning their consumers and competitors. Many Fast food restaurants serve foods that are unhealthy to a high fat content which is detrimental to the health of its loyal consumers. They are basic decisions that these fast-food restaurants like McDonalds have to make with regards to serving healthy food. Should they increase the cost of food served and provide healthy meals or serve deep-fries that can cause health hazards in the long run. Most fast-food restaurants tend to imitate menus of their competitors. For example, McDonalds started selling twisters also known as curly fries which was originally a product of AW. This food was very high in price at the expense of the consumers as it was unhealthy. This is unethical and these outlets should invest into Research and Development of new foods which would have the health of their consumers at heart rather than copying their competitors and exploiting their customers (Anon. 2008). In some cases, these Fast-food outlets tend to cut down the portions of food served. Many of McDonalds customers have noticed that the burgers are smaller (Anon,2008). Thus they are not satisfied after eating the food. The company increase the price of the food in order to meet the demands of the consumers. This will then make the consumers buy more in order to be satisfied. At this point, there is a question that comes in; Should McDonalds reduce the amount of food served at the same price in order to maintain their reputation of being honest or to increase the price to maintain their net profit and destroy the reputation as an unethical business? In order for these fast-food restaurants to be ethical, the decisions made could either be detrimental to them in terms of their profit margin although it would be to the benefit of the consumers. In this capitalist economy nowadays, which fast-food outlet is ready to suffer at the expense of their consumers? Organisational Structure of McDonalds To be able to answer if McDonalds is an ethical company in the mind of its customers I am going to look at the organisations structure of McDonalds. McDonalds Corporation franchises and operates McDonalds restaurants in the global restaurant industry. These restaurants serve menu at various price points providing value in 119 countries globally. This is due to the difference in currencies and of the consumer wealth due to the different GDP per capita of these countries as well as the varying exchange rate system. All restaurants are operated either by the Company or by franchisees, including conventional franchisees under franchise arrangements, and developmental licensees and foreign affiliated markets under license agreements (Anon, Unknown). McDonalds has a centralized organisational structure. It means that the decision making and the authority are in the hands of few persons in the McDonalds head office. The franchises around the world are dictated how to order, cook and prepare all the food from McDonalds headquarters. The headquarters also make decisions on the price at which the products have to be sold (Anon, 2012). Referring to their Global Sustainability Scorecard in the appendix 1, McDonalds claims to be an ethical business by giving back to the community and the environment by working with schools and local organisations, and by showing how it has improve his food and how it improved the working conditions at McDonalds. According to their scorecard, in the countries they operate they have been able to raise $ 170 million from all the countries through the McHappy Day (McDonald Corp. 2011) and $27 million from customer donations. I can actually say that McDonalds undertakes some actions for its community, but it does not actually say what they plan to do with the money they have raised and the reason why they raised money. McDonalds is undertaking actions to give itself an ethical image but it still uses the customers to collect funds instead of using a part of the huge profits it makes. However, it has included fruits and vegetables in its menu in their restaurants in North and South America and West Europe. This could probably mean that they are conscious that their food is healthy enough for their customers. But McDonalds could appear more ethical in the mind of its worldwide customers if it expands the new menu into the others restaurants in the world, since McDonalds has been accused by health campaigners in America and Europe of helping to cause an obesity epidemic. Case Studies on McDonalds as an unethical business as well as Counterclaims by the company as being ethical. While researching on the McDonalds ethics an article called McDonalds Beef Fries Controversy (Anon. 2002) was found where McDonalds was sued by Hindu activists in India because of the French fries that were falsely promoted to be 100% vegetarian, while there was some beef flavouring in it. This case could be classified as unethical, because McDonalds does not respect the religious values of Hindus, thus its social responsibility towards it customers is eluded. Social responsibility is the duty that a business owes those who are directly or indirectly affected by its activities. McDonalds headquarter makes most of decisions and the franchises follow the orders from the headquarters. This could lead to a problem as there might be bureaucracy and these franchises might not be honest. This affects the image of McDonald, since there is no control of what is being done in the others restaurant. Disadvantages such due to lack of centralised organisational structure could arise as there is no control of the subsidiaries. Thus, franchises have no power to make decisions without consulting the managers due to bureaucracy. McDonalds mission is to be the favourite family restaurant and it believes that this involves protecting the environment at a local and global level. McDonald strives to ensure that its operations today do not have a negative impact on the lives of the future generations. McDonalds goal is to achieve continuous environmental improvement so it complies with all current legislation and where possible, acts in anticipation of future environmental legislation McDonalds bases its environmental program around the hierarchy of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle and are committed to continuous review, evaluation and improvement of its program. This includes targets and monitoring and reporting on progress towards meeting them. McDonalds business impacts on the environment through: -Sourcing agricultural products and other materials to serve and build its restaurants -The operation of its restaurants and administrative functions. McDonalds aim to address these impacts by: -Improving energy efficiency -Minimise impacts associated with odours, noise. Previously, there were most famous environmental issue. It was suggested that McDonalds had destroyed hundreds of acres of Brazilian rainforest to make way for large-scale cattle ranching. This not only removes a valuable natural resource, but also has an impact on global warming, as the rainforest is an essential mechanism for the absorption of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere. McDonalds also annually produces over a million tons of packaging used for just a few minutes before being discarded. Traditionally a number of ozone depleting gasses were used in polystyrene foam packaging. In the 21st century, McDonalds uses almost all recycled packaging. However, the company still faces criticism due to the amount of waste it produces. Each of McDonalds US restaurants produces 238 pounds of waste per day and each of its U.S. regional distribution centres disposes of another 900 pounds of waste per day'(Kevin Thompson. 2006). This is not only expensive to dispose of, but also difficult when considering that similar quantities of waste are being produced around the world. Aside from the pollution from factories where the food is produced, the unusable waste from nearly all the food they sell, and the massive amounts of power and energy that are required to keep all branches up and running, this corporation is destroying natural rain forests. McDonalds like to purchase their meat from privatised farms, which is not a problem in itself. The conflicts arise when these privatised farmlands are built on the land where a lush rainforest once resided. So not only is McDonalds polluting the air, but they are destroying a large part of what would help to keep clean it out. McDonalds has also been accused for internal ethical issues related to the working conditions and treatment of employees. McDonalds employs over 1 and a half million people worldwide, over half of them are under 21 years old. McDonalds has adopted age differentials between adult and younger workers, meaning that they pay most of their employees less than the normal adult minimum wage. For example, McDonalds pays some 16-year olds as little as $6.80 an hour. McDonalds employees also experience poor working conditions with discrimination, illegal working hours, and poor safety conditions (Kevin Thompson.2006). There is little that can be done about this due to the absence of trade unions, within McDonalds, to represent staff. If Milton Freemans theory of stakeholders is adopted, the needs and expectations of staff are just as important as those of customers. McDonalds employees are frequently underpaid for the amount of time that they work which often extends into illegal amounts of labour hours. The farmers from which they get their food are also generally underpaid for the amount of produce and meat which they sell to the corporation, particularly considering the cost that many of these farms have regarding the environment and health of the workers, therefore the buyer power of McDonalds constraints. Over the past 30 years McDonald has been mainly criticised over one thing: its food which is claimed to contribute to the increased-level of obesity in US and in the other developed countries. 1 in 5 adults are dangerously overweighting in the UK, while it was reported that 300,000 deaths a year in the U.S related to obesity. McDonalds has also been criticised for exploiting children with advertising, with the Happy Meals where there are toys, as well as colourful advertising campaigns and promotions in schools. The unhealthy diet of many children is contributed with these marketing tactics. Results analysis I observed that most people dont have a concise idea of what an ethical business is, thus 60% of them as shown in Fig 1 see it as unethical because they think that the food is unhealthy as it has too much fatty and oily food served and healthy food like salad are not served. The chart in Fig 2 follows up this analysis, as 50 % of people who answered this questionnaire think there are now more fruits an vegetable and the other 50% think otherwise. Results from here show that many people think that McDonald has not made a big effort to make the foods healthy as they only focus on the profit rather than the health of their customers. On the other hand, 75% of the respondents agree that, McDonalds sells food that come from sure suppliers. This is because they have read about this information in the different outlets they have been to. The other 25% think the opposite because they have seen unfit items like; human hair in fries, among others which has made them unhappy and discontent. Being more specific, I have noted that people have differents point of view on the environmental aspects of McDonalds restaurants. Looking at the diagram above, 75% of people think that most McDonalds restaurants are not ecological, because of the amount of energy that is used for the lightning, the heating, and for the different machines that are used in the food processing. They believe that they do not recycle the paper used to serve take-away food. This 75% account for people who visited McDonalds restaurants in Europe. With this questionaire, the opinions of various people where taken into consideration. However, there might have been some bias in judgement as people might like other fast-food restaurants like :Pizza Hut, Burger King, SubWay. This could have in one way affected the response given to qestions in the questionnaire. On the other hand, people given this quesstionqire might not have bee knowlegable enough as regsrd the definition and the hidden aspects of ethics. This could have led to misjudgement of Mc.Donalds as an ethical buisness. In addition, people who responded to the questionnaire have visited different oultets of Mc.Donalds, this would greatly influence their judgemnet as McDonlads is a franchise .Thus different standards might exist as they are managed by different individuals. The McDonalds in America might be different from that in theU.K , although they sell the same type of food, the managerial structure is not necessarily the sam as it is a franchise. Conclusion Looking at the analysis, made and the results gotten from the questionnaire, it can be assumed that McDonalds has failed to achieve its objective of being seen as an ethical business in the minds of its customers. Resources from the internet, journals and questionnaire have helped in examination of this question and conclusion. Articles such as ; Analysis of The McDonalds Beef Fries Controversy have shown that MacDonalds is an unethical business. In this article, McDonalds falsely marketed its fries made with beef flavouring to its Hindu customers without letting them know about the presence of beef seeing as they are vegetarians. Although, McDonalds pays their workers according to age, this often discriminatory as the duties in this outfit is not necessarily assigned according to age. This practice goes against the concept of an ideal ethical business. Through this analysis made in this essay, there is another question that could arise, which will to a deeper discussion and consistent thinking about business of nowadays, should be more carry about their stakeholders, or they should be thinking of making more profits. Recommendation Marketing Strategy Marketing Strategy could be defined as an  organizations  strategy  that combines all of its  marketing  goals  into one  comprehensive  plan. A good marketing strategy should be drawn from  market research  and focus on the right  product mix  in order to  achieve  the maximum  profit potential  and sustain the  business. The marketing strategy is the  foundation  of a  marketing plan (Anon. 2012). While investigating we found out that McDonalds have claimed to make some changes which were not known by the customers because it has not been advertised, thus customers have kept seeing McDonalds as an unhealthy and unethical business. On this point we could recommend to McDonalds show to its customers that it has improved his menu for example. To be more efficient they should also undertake questionnaires to customers to find out what they think about them. Organisational structure Most McDonalds restaurants are franchisees and from my investigation we found that it is problem in terms of communication. When the head quarter emits new ideas or new strategy, franchisees might not apply the idea of McDonalds headquarters; therefore the franchises could give an unethical image to the customers which are probably not the aim of the head quarter. So what McDonalds could do it to ask for report from the different McDonalds restaurants in other countries of the different changes they could have decided to do. This will help McDonalds to be more concerned and involved in what is happening in these other outlets around than world. Bibliography Anon. (Unknown).  McDonalds Corp. Full description.  Available: http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=MCD. Last accessed 31/10/12. Anon. (2002).  The McDonalds Beef Fries Controversy. 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(2012).  Our annual ranking of Americas largest corporations.  Available: http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2012/snapshots/2262.html. Last accessed 04/12/12 Darrell Passigue. 2012.  Questionnaire.  Available: http://fr.surveymonkey.com/MySurvey_EditorFull.aspx?sm=lfUVEfNQzdOk5wMYi2Y5467mI8nrZsagIwRrzTGL_2B2o_3D_0A. Last accessed 04/12/2012. Dave Hall, Rob Jones,CarloRaffo. (2004). Business Organisations in the Private Sector. In: Ian Chambers and Dave Gray  Business Studies. p50. Kevin Thompson. (2006).  Ethical Criticism of McDonalds.  Available: http://voices.yahoo.com/ethical-criticism-mcdonalds-147813.html?cat=3. Last accessed 04/12/12. Mark S. Putnam. (2002).  Ethical Values for Business Success.  Available: http://www.globalethicsuniversity.com/articles/valuesforsuccess.htm. Last accessed 21 Nov. 2012. Marketing strategy definition.  Available: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/marketing-strategy.html. Last accessed 02/12/2012.